Grammar

- Removed original TODO for Wilhelm
- Split grammar into sections
- Added a mostly complete "Literals" section with grammar
- Removed simple definitions for things lime `{`, `(` and so on
- Made a new section called "Statements", added definition for a while loop and variable declarations
- Added expression section

docs/language/31-grammar.md

@@ -1,22 +1,66 @@
 ## Grammar
 
-* TODO: Need help with this @Wilhelm, some things to look at (must reference!)
-    * https://karmin.ch/ebnf/examples
+The grammar for the language is still a work in progress and may take some time to
+become concrete but every now and then I update this page to add more to it or fix
+any incongruencies with the parser's actual implementation. The grammar starts from
+the simplest building blocks and then progresses to the more complex (heavily composed)
+ones and these are placed into sections whereby they are related.
+
+**TODO:** Finish implementing this
+
+### Literals
+
+These make are the basic atoms that define literals.
+
+**TODO:** Finish enumerating all numbers
 
 ```
-
-statement := discard | todo
-expr      := literal | binop
-binop     := expr operator expr
-discard   := "discard" expr ;
-oparen    := "("
-cparen    := ")"
-ocurly    := "{"
-ccurly    := "}"
-if        := "if" oparen expr cparen ocurly { statement } ccurly {"else" if } | "else" { statement }
+letter    ::= "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F" | "G" | "H" | "I" | "J" | "K"
+            | "L" | "M" | "N" | "O" | "P" | "Q" | "R" | "S" | "T" | "U" | "V"
+            | "W" | "X" | "Y" | "Z" | "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" | "g"
+            | "h" | "i" | "j" | "k" | "l" | "m" | "n" | "o" | "p" | "q" | "r"
+            | "s" | "t" | "u" | "v" | "w" | "x" | "y" | "z";
+number    ::= "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" | "0";
 ```
 
+### Expressions
+
+Expressions come in many forms and are defined here.
+
+```
+expr      ::= literal | binop | unaryop;
+
+infix     ::= "+" | "-" | "*" | "-";
+prefix    ::= "*" | "&";
+binop     ::= expr, operator, expr;
+unaryop   ::= prefix, operator;
+```
+
+### Statements
+
+Statements are inevitably the building blocks of a program and make
+use of all the former defined sections of the grammar and more of
+themsleves in some cases as well.
+
+```
+statement ::= discard | decl;
 
 
-!!! error
-	A formal grammar does not yet exist, _however_, it is currently in the works and will be available by year end.
+
+
+
+
+
+discard   ::= "discard", expr ;
+
+ident     ::= letter | { letter | number };
+decl      ::= type, identifier, [assign], ";";
+type      ::= "int" | "uint" | ident;
+assign    ::= "=", expr;
+
+
+if        ::= "if", "(", expr, ")", "{", { statement }, "}",
+             [ { "else", if } | ( "else", "{", { statement }, "}") ];
+
+while     ::= "while", "(", expr, ")", "{", { statement }, "}";
+```