mirror of https://github.com/deavmi/niknaks
1032 lines
23 KiB
D
1032 lines
23 KiB
D
/**
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* Container types
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*
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* Authors: Tristan Brice Velloza Kildaire (deavmi)
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*/
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module niknaks.containers;
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import core.sync.mutex : Mutex;
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import std.datetime : Duration, dur;
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import std.datetime.stopwatch : StopWatch, AutoStart;
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import core.thread : Thread;
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import core.sync.condition : Condition;
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import std.functional : toDelegate;
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version(unittest)
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{
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import std.stdio : writeln;
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}
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/**
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* Represents an entry of
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* some value of type `V`
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*
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* Associated with this
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* is a timer used to
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* check against for
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* expiration
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*/
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private template Entry(V)
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{
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/**
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* The entry type
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*/
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public struct Entry
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{
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private V value;
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private StopWatch timer;
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@disable
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private this();
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/**
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* Creates a new entry
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* with the given value
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*
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* Params:
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* value = the value
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*/
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public this(V value)
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{
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setValue(value);
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timer = StopWatch(AutoStart.yes);
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}
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/**
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* Sets the value of this
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* entry
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*
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* Params:
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* value = the value
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*/
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public void setValue(V value)
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{
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this.value = value;
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}
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/**
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* Returns the value associated
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* with this entry
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*
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* Returns: the value
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*/
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public V getValue()
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{
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return this.value;
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}
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/**
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* Resets the timer back
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* to zero
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*/
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public void bump()
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{
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timer.reset();
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}
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/**
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* Gets the time elapsed
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* since this entry was
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* instantiated
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*
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* Returns: the elapsed
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* time
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*/
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public Duration getElapsedTime()
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{
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return timer.peek();
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* A `CacheMap` with a key type of `K`
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* and value type of `V`
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*/
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public template CacheMap(K, V)
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{
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/**
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* A replacement function which takes
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* in the key of type `K` and returns
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* a value of type `V`
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*
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* This is the delegate-based variant
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*/
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public alias ReplacementDelegate = V delegate(K);
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/**
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* A replacement function which takes
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* in the key of type `K` and returns
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* a value of type `V`
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*
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* This is the function-based variant
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*/
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public alias ReplacementFunction = V function(K);
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/**
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* A caching map which when queried
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* for a key which does not exist yet
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* will call a so-called replacement
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* function which produces a result
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* which will be stored at that key's
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* location
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*
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* After this process a timer is started,
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* and periodically entries are checked
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* for timeouts, if they have timed out
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* then they are removed and the process
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* begins again.
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*
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* Accessing an entry will reset its
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* timer ONLY if it has not yet expired
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* however accessing an entry which
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* has expired causing an on-demand
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* replacement function call, just not
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* a removal in between
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*/
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public class CacheMap
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{
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private Entry!(V)[K] map;
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private Mutex lock;
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private Duration expirationTime;
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private ReplacementDelegate replFunc;
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private Thread checker;
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private bool isRunning;
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private Condition condVar;
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private Duration sweepInterval;
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/**
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* Constructs a new cache map with the
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* given replacement delegate and the
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* expiration deadline.
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*
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* Params:
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* replFunc = the replacement delegate
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* expirationTime = the expiration
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* deadline
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* sweepInterval = the interval at
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* which the sweeper thread should
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* run at to check for expired entries
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*/
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this(ReplacementDelegate replFunc, Duration expirationTime = dur!("seconds")(10), Duration sweepInterval = dur!("seconds")(10))
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{
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this.replFunc = replFunc;
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this.lock = new Mutex();
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this.expirationTime = expirationTime;
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this.sweepInterval = sweepInterval;
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this.condVar = new Condition(this.lock);
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this.checker = new Thread(&checkerFunc);
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this.isRunning = true;
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this.checker.start();
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}
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/**
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* Constructs a new cache map with the
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* given replacement function and the
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* expiration deadline.
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*
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* Params:
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* replFunc = the replacement function
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* expirationTime = the expiration
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* deadline
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* sweepInterval = the interval at
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* which the sweeper thread should
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* run at to check for expired entries
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*/
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this(ReplacementFunction replFunc, Duration expirationTime = dur!("seconds")(10), Duration sweepInterval = dur!("seconds")(10))
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{
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this(toDelegate(replFunc), expirationTime, sweepInterval);
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}
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/**
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* Creates an entry for the given
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* key by creating the `Entry`
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* at the key and then setting
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* that entry's value with the
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* replacement function
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*
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* Params:
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* key = the key
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* Returns: the value set
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*/
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private V makeKey(K key)
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{
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// Lock the mutex
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this.lock.lock();
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// On exit
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scope(exit)
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{
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// Unlock the mutex
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this.lock.unlock();
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}
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// Run the replacement function for this key
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V newValue = replFunc(key);
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// Create a new entry with this value
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Entry!(V) newEntry = Entry!(V)(newValue);
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// Save this entry into the hashmap
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this.map[key] = newEntry;
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return newValue;
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}
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/**
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* Called to update an existing
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* `Entry` (already present) in
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* the map. This will run the
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* replacement function and update
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* the value present.
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*
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* Params:
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* key = the key
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* Returns: the value set
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*/
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private V updateKey(K key)
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{
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// Lock the mutex
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this.lock.lock();
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// On exit
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scope(exit)
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{
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// Unlock the mutex
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this.lock.unlock();
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}
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// Run the replacement function for this key
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V newValue = replFunc(key);
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// Update the value saved at this key's entry
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this.map[key].setValue(newValue);
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return newValue;
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}
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/**
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* Check's a specific key for expiration,
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* and if expired then refreshes it if
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* not it leaves it alone.
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*
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* Returns the key's value
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*
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* Params:
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* key = the key to check
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* Returns: the key's value
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*/
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private V expirationCheck(K key)
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{
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// Lock the mutex
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this.lock.lock();
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// On exit
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scope(exit)
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{
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// Unlock the mutex
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this.lock.unlock();
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}
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// Obtain the entry at this key
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Entry!(V)* entry = key in this.map;
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// If the key exists
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if(entry != null)
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{
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// If this entry expired, run the refresher
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if(entry.getElapsedTime() >= this.expirationTime)
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{
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version(unittest) { writeln("Expired entry for key '", key, "', refreshing"); }
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updateKey(key);
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}
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// Else, if not, then bump the entry
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else
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{
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entry.bump();
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}
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}
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// If it does not exist (then make it)
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else
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{
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version(unittest) { writeln("Hello there, we must MAKE key as it does not exist"); }
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makeKey(key);
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version(unittest) { writeln("fic"); }
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}
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return this.map[key].getValue();
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}
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/**
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* Gets the value of
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* the entry at the
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* provided key
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*
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* This may or may not
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* call the replication
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* function
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*
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* Params:
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* key = the key to
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* lookup by
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*
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* Returns: the value
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*/
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public V get(K key)
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{
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// Lock the mutex
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this.lock.lock();
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// On exit
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scope(exit)
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{
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// Unlock the mutex
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this.lock.unlock();
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}
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// The key's value
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V keyValue;
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// On access expiration check
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keyValue = expirationCheck(key);
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return keyValue;
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}
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/**
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* Removes the given key
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* returning whether or
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* not it was a success
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*
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* Params:
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* key = the key to
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* remove
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* Returns: `true` if the
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* key existed, `false`
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* otherwise
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*/
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public bool removeKey(K key)
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{
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// Lock the mutex
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this.lock.lock();
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// On exit
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scope(exit)
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{
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// Unlock the mutex
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this.lock.unlock();
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}
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// Remove the key
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return this.map.remove(key);
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}
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/**
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* Runs at the latest every
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* `expirationTime` ticks
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* and checks the entire
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* map for expired
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* entries
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*/
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private void checkerFunc()
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{
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while(this.isRunning)
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{
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// Lock the mutex
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this.lock.lock();
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// On loop exit
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scope(exit)
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{
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// Unlock the mutex
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this.lock.unlock();
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}
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// Sleep until sweep interval
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this.condVar.wait(this.sweepInterval);
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// Run the expiration check
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K[] marked;
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foreach(K curKey; this.map.keys())
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{
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Entry!(V) curEntry = this.map[curKey];
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// If entry has expired mark it for removal
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if(curEntry.getElapsedTime() >= this.expirationTime)
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{
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version(unittest) { writeln("Marked entry '", curEntry, "' for removal"); }
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marked ~= curKey;
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}
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}
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foreach(K curKey; marked)
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{
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Entry!(V) curEntry = this.map[curKey];
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version(unittest) { writeln("Removing entry '", curEntry, "'..."); }
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this.map.remove(curKey);
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* Wakes up the checker
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* immediately such that
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* it can perform a cycle
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* over the map and check
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* for expired entries
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*/
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private void doLiveCheck()
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{
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// Lock the mutex
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this.lock.lock();
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// Signal wake up
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this.condVar.notify();
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// Unlock the mutex
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this.lock.unlock();
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}
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/**
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* On destruction, set
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* the running status
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* to `false`, then
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* wake up the checker
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* and wait for it to
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* exit
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*/
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~this()
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{
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version(unittest)
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{
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writeln("Dtor running");
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scope(exit)
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{
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writeln("Dtor running [done]");
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}
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}
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// Set run state to false
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this.isRunning = false;
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// Signal to stop
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doLiveCheck();
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// Wait for it to stop
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this.checker.join();
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}
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}
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}
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/**
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* Tests the usage of the `CacheMap` type
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* along with the expiration of entries
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* mechanism
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*/
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unittest
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{
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int i = 0;
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int getVal(string)
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{
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i++;
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return i;
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}
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// Create a CacheMap with 10 second expiration and 10 second sweeping interval
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CacheMap!(string, int) map = new CacheMap!(string, int)(&getVal, dur!("seconds")(10));
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// Get the value
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int tValue = map.get("Tristan");
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assert(tValue == 1);
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// Get the value (should still be cached)
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tValue = map.get("Tristan");
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assert(tValue == 1);
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// Wait for expiry (by sweeping thread)
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Thread.sleep(dur!("seconds")(11));
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// Should call replacement function
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tValue = map.get("Tristan");
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assert(tValue == 2);
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// Wait for expiry (by sweeping thread)
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writeln("Sleeping now 11 secs");
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Thread.sleep(dur!("seconds")(11));
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// Destroy the map (such that it ends the sweeper)
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destroy(map);
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}
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/**
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* Creates a `CacheMap` which tests out
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* the on-access expiration checking of
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* entries by accessing an entry faster
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* then the sweep interval and by
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* having an expiration interval below
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* the aforementioned interval
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*/
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unittest
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{
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int i = 0;
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int getVal(string)
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{
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i++;
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return i;
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}
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// Create a CacheMap with 5 second expiration and 10 second sweeping interval
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CacheMap!(string, int) map = new CacheMap!(string, int)(&getVal, dur!("seconds")(5), dur!("seconds")(10));
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// Get the value
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int tValue = map.get("Tristan");
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assert(tValue == 1);
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// Wait for 5 seconds (the entry should then be expired by then for on-access check)
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Thread.sleep(dur!("seconds")(5));
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// Get the value (should have replacement function run)
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tValue = map.get("Tristan");
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assert(tValue == 2);
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// Destroy the map (such that it ends the sweeper
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destroy(map);
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}
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/**
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* Tests the usage of the `CacheMap`,
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* specifically the explicit key
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* removal method
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*/
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unittest
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{
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int i = 0;
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int getVal(string)
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{
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i++;
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return i;
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}
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// Create a CacheMap with 10 second expiration and 10 second sweeping interval
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CacheMap!(string, int) map = new CacheMap!(string, int)(&getVal, dur!("seconds")(10), dur!("seconds")(10));
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// Get the value
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int tValue = map.get("Tristan");
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assert(tValue == 1);
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// Remove the key
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assert(map.removeKey("Tristan"));
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// Get the value
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tValue = map.get("Tristan");
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assert(tValue == 2);
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// Destroy the map (such that it ends the sweeper
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destroy(map);
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}
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// Given [0, 1, 5]
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// and shift right at index 1
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// then 0 moves into 1's place
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// 0's position is then filled with T.init
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public T[] shiftInto(T)(T[] array, size_t position, bool rightwards = false, bool shrink = false)
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{
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// Out of range
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if(position >= array.length)
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{
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return array;
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}
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// if rightwards
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if(rightwards)
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{
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// nothing further left than index 0
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if(!position)
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{
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return array;
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}
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for(size_t i = position; i > 0; i--)
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{
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array[i] = array[i-1];
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}
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// no shrink, then fill with T.init
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if(!shrink)
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{
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array[0] = T.init;
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}
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// chomp left-hand side
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else
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{
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array = array[1..$];
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}
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}
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// if leftwards
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else
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{
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// nothing furtherright
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if(position == array.length-1)
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{
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return array;
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}
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for(size_t i = position; i < array.length-1; i++)
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{
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array[i] = array[i+1];
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}
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// no shrink, then fill with T.init
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if(!shrink)
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{
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array[$-1] = T.init;
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}
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// chomp right-hand side
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else
|
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{
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array = array[0..$-1];
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}
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}
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return array;
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}
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|
|
// rightwards testung (no shrink)
|
|
unittest
|
|
{
|
|
int[] numbas = [1, 5, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(1, true);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [0, 1, 2]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [0, 1, 2]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [1, 5, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(0, true);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [1, 5, 2]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [1, 5, 2]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [1, 5, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(2, true);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [0, 1, 5]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [0, 1, 5]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [1, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(1, true);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [0, 1]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [0, 1]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [1, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(0, true);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [1, 2]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [1, 2]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(0, false);
|
|
|
|
// should now be []
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == []);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// leftwards testung (no shrink)
|
|
unittest
|
|
{
|
|
int[] numbas = [1, 5, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(1, false);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [1, 2, 0]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [1, 2, 0]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [1, 5, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(0, false);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [5, 2, 0]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [5, 2, 0]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [1, 5, 2];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(2, false);
|
|
|
|
// should now be [1, 5, 2]
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == [1, 5, 2]);
|
|
|
|
numbas = [];
|
|
numbas = numbas.shiftInto(0, true);
|
|
|
|
// should now be []
|
|
writeln(numbas);
|
|
assert(numbas == []);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public T[] removeResize(T)(T[] array, size_t position)
|
|
{
|
|
return array.shiftInto(position, false, true);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// TODO: make delegate kak
|
|
// public interface InclusionStratergy(T)
|
|
// {
|
|
// public bool include(T item);
|
|
// }
|
|
|
|
// private class AlwaysStrat(T) : InclusionStratergy
|
|
// {
|
|
// public override bool include(T item)
|
|
// {
|
|
// return true;
|
|
// }
|
|
// }
|
|
|
|
public template Always(T)
|
|
{
|
|
public bool Always(Tree!(T) treeNode)
|
|
{
|
|
version(unittest)
|
|
{
|
|
import std.stdio : writeln;
|
|
writeln("Strat for: ", treeNode);
|
|
}
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public template Nothing(T)
|
|
{
|
|
public void Nothing(Tree!(T) treeNode)
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public template InclusionStratergy(T)
|
|
{
|
|
public alias InclusionStratergy = bool delegate(Tree!(T) item);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Called prior to visitation?
|
|
public template TouchStratergy(T)
|
|
{
|
|
public alias TouchStratergy = void delegate(Tree!(T) item);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
import std.string : format;
|
|
|
|
// TODO: Technically this is a graph
|
|
public class Tree(T)
|
|
{
|
|
private T value;
|
|
private Tree!(T)[] children;
|
|
|
|
this(T value)
|
|
{
|
|
this.value = value;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
this()
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public void setValue(T value)
|
|
{
|
|
this.value = value;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public void appendNode(Tree!(T) node)
|
|
{
|
|
this.children ~= node;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public bool removeNode(Tree!(T) node)
|
|
{
|
|
bool found = false;
|
|
size_t idx;
|
|
for(size_t i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++)
|
|
{
|
|
found = this.children[i] == node;
|
|
if(found)
|
|
{
|
|
idx = i;
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if(found)
|
|
{
|
|
this.children = this.children.removeResize(idx);
|
|
return true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return false;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// public T opIndex(size_t idx)
|
|
// {
|
|
// return idx < this.children.length ? this.children[idx].getValue() : T.init;
|
|
// }
|
|
|
|
private bool isTreeNodeType(E)()
|
|
{
|
|
return __traits(isSame, E, Tree!(T)[]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
private bool isTreeValueType(E)()
|
|
{
|
|
return __traits(isSame, E, T[]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public E opSlice(E)()
|
|
if(isTreeNodeType!(E) || isTreeValueType!(E))
|
|
{
|
|
// If the children as tree nodes is requested
|
|
static if(isTreeNodeType!(E))
|
|
{
|
|
return this.children;
|
|
}
|
|
else static if(isTreeValueType!(E))
|
|
{
|
|
T[] slice;
|
|
foreach(Tree!(Tree) tnode; this.children)
|
|
{
|
|
slice ~= tnode.getValue();
|
|
}
|
|
return slice;
|
|
import std.algorithm.iteration : map;
|
|
|
|
return map!(&getValue, this.children);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public T getValue()
|
|
{
|
|
return this.value;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public T[] dfs
|
|
(
|
|
InclusionStratergy!(T) strat = toDelegate(&Always!(T)),
|
|
TouchStratergy!(T) touch = toDelegate(&Nothing!(T))
|
|
)
|
|
{
|
|
version(unittest)
|
|
{
|
|
writeln("dfs entry: ", this);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
T[] collected;
|
|
scope(exit)
|
|
{
|
|
version(unittest)
|
|
{
|
|
writeln("leaving node ", this, " with collected ", collected);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Touch
|
|
touch(this); // root[x]
|
|
|
|
foreach(Tree!(T) child; this.children) // subtree[x],
|
|
{
|
|
if(strat(child))
|
|
{
|
|
version(unittest)
|
|
{
|
|
writeln("dfs, strat good for child: ", child);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Visit
|
|
collected ~= child.dfs(strat, touch);
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
{
|
|
version(unittest)
|
|
{
|
|
writeln("dfs, strat ignored for child: ", child);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// "Visit"
|
|
collected ~= this.value;
|
|
|
|
|
|
return collected;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public override string toString()
|
|
{
|
|
return format("TreeNode [val: %s]", this.value);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
version(unittest)
|
|
{
|
|
import std.functional : toDelegate;
|
|
import std.stdio : writeln;
|
|
|
|
private void DebugTouch(T)(Tree!(T) node)
|
|
{
|
|
writeln("Touching tree node ", node);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
unittest
|
|
{
|
|
Tree!(string) treeOfStrings = new Tree!(string)("Top");
|
|
|
|
Tree!(string) subtree_1 = new Tree!(string)("1");
|
|
Tree!(string) subtree_2 = new Tree!(string)("2");
|
|
Tree!(string) subtree_3 = new Tree!(string)("3");
|
|
|
|
treeOfStrings.appendNode(subtree_1);
|
|
treeOfStrings.appendNode(subtree_2);
|
|
treeOfStrings.appendNode(subtree_3);
|
|
|
|
|
|
InclusionStratergy!(string) strat = toDelegate(&Always!(string));
|
|
TouchStratergy!(string) touch = toDelegate(&DebugTouch!(string));
|
|
|
|
string[] result = treeOfStrings.dfs(strat, touch);
|
|
writeln("dfs: ", result);
|
|
|
|
assert(result[0] == "1");
|
|
assert(result[1] == "2");
|
|
assert(result[2] == "3");
|
|
assert(result[3] == "Top");
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public class VisitationTree(T) : Tree!(T)
|
|
{
|
|
private bool visisted;
|
|
|
|
this(T value)
|
|
{
|
|
super(value);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
public T[] linearize()
|
|
{
|
|
return dfs(toDelegate(&_shouldVisit), toDelegate(&_touch));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
private static bool _shouldVisit(Tree!(T) tnode)
|
|
{
|
|
VisitationTree!(T) vnode = cast(VisitationTree!(T))tnode;
|
|
return vnode && !vnode.isVisited();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
private static void _touch(Tree!(T) tnode)
|
|
{
|
|
VisitationTree!(T) vnode = cast(VisitationTree!(T))tnode;
|
|
if(vnode)
|
|
{
|
|
vnode.mark();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
private void mark()
|
|
{
|
|
this.visisted = true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
private bool isVisited()
|
|
{
|
|
return this.visisted;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
unittest
|
|
{
|
|
VisitationTree!(string) root = new VisitationTree!(string)("root");
|
|
|
|
VisitationTree!(string) thing = new VisitationTree!(string)("subtree");
|
|
root.appendNode(thing);
|
|
thing.appendNode(root);
|
|
|
|
string[] linearized = root.linearize();
|
|
writeln(linearized);
|
|
|
|
assert(linearized[0] == "subtree");
|
|
assert(linearized[1] == "root");
|
|
|
|
} |